![]() Description: arise from the subclavian arteries.Anterior cerebral artery: supplies anterior cerebrum.Middle cerebral artery: supplies lateral cerebrum.Posterior communicating artery: anastomosis in Circle of Willis.Meningohypophyseal trunk ( posterior trunk).Artery of the pterygoid canal ( Vidian artery).Caroticotympanic artery (the first intracranial branch of the internal carotid arteries that enters the middle ear cavity and anastomoses with the inferior tympanic artery).Branches: only have intracranial branches.Cranium: lie on the roof of the cavernous sinus, in close proximity to CN VI.Neck: lie within the carotid sheath and enter the cranium through the carotid canal.Description: terminal branches of the common carotid artery.The arterial supply of the brain is provided by the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries, which derive from branches of the aortic arch. The interruption of perfusion due to occlusion or hemorrhage of the cerebral vessels results in a stroke, which manifests with focal neurologic deficits in the body parts controlled by the affected brain territory. ![]() Brain perfusion is regulated by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( PaCO 2). The cerebral hemispheres are drained by superficial cerebral veins (superior cerebral veins, middle cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins) and deep cerebral veins ( great cerebral vein, basal vein), which drain into the dural venous sinuses. The circle of Willis equalizes the blood flow between the cerebral hemispheres and provides anastomotic circulation, connecting the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations and, thereby, permitting continued perfusion of the brain in the event of carotid occlusion. The internal carotid arteries, the anterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior cerebral arteries anastomose through the anterior and posterior communicating arteries to form the circle of Willis, a vascular circuit surrounding the optic chiasm and pituitary stalk. The anterior cerebral artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery, perfuses the anteromedial cerebral cortex the middle cerebral artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery, perfuses the lateral cerebral cortex and the posterior cerebral artery, a branch of the basilar artery, perfuses the medial and lateral portions of the posterior cerebral cortex. The brain's arterial supply is provided by a pair of internal carotid arteries and a pair of vertebral arteries, the latter of which unite to form the basilar artery. The cerebrovascular system comprises the vessels that transport blood to and from the brain.
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